International commercial arbitration (ICA) is a private, voluntary, and binding method for resolving business disputes between parties from different countries. In ICA, the parties agree to submit their dispute to a neutral third party (an arbitrator), rather than litigating in the national courts of any country. ICA is favored for its procedural flexibility, confidentiality, efficiency, the opportunity to choose expert arbitrators, and—importantly—the global enforceability of arbitral awards. This enforceability is secured under international agreements such as the New York Convention, which requires courts in most countries to recognize and enforce arbitration agreements and awards made in other signatory states